Environmental & Molecular Toxicology

George Bailey

Distinguished Professor Emeritus
Dept.: EMT (435 Weniger Hall)
Ph.D., 1969, Univ. of Cal., Berkeley
Phone: 541-737-3164
Fax: 541-737-7966
George.Bailey@oregonstate.edu

Long-term research interests explore mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis and its modulation by dietary and environmental factors.  Two important cancer preventive agents are being extensively studied -- indole-3-carbinol for its promise in prevention of breast cancer, and chlorophylls, which we are testing for their potential to reduce aflatoxin-related liver cancer in China and africa.  The main experimental model is the rainbow trout, supplemented by studies with traditional rodent models.  Our animal findings with chlorophylls have been translated recently to two biomarker trials with human volunteers. Biochemical and molecular biology approaches are employed to understand carcinogen and modulator pharmacokinetics, metabolic pathways, DNA damage and repair, mutagenic activation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, cell replication and apoptosis, and use of microarray to discover how gene expression may be altered by dietary treatment with chemopreventive agents.  This work is carried out in collaboration with other researchers in the Linus Pauling Institute and the NIEHS center at OSU.

Recent Publications

• Simonich, M.T., McQuistan, T., Jubert, C., Pereira, C., Hendricks, J.D.,
  Dashwood, R.H., Williams, D., and Bailey, G.S. (2007). Low-dose dietary chlorophyll inhibits multi-organ carcinogenesis in the rainbow trout. Food Chem. Tox, PMID: 18069110

• Walter, RB, Timmins, GS, Tilton, SC, Orner, GO, Benninghoff, AD, Bailey, GS and Williams, DE (2007) “Carcinogenesis Models: Focus n Xiphophorous and Rainbow Trout”, in Oceans and Human Health, Elsevier Press (in press).

• Tilton, S.C., Hendricks, J.D., Orner, G.A., Pereira, C.B., Bailey, G.S., and Williams, D.E. (2007) Gene expression analysis during tumor enhancement by the dietary phytochemical, 3,3’-diindolylmethane, in rainbow trout. Carcinogenesis 28:1589-1598.

• Simonich, M.T., Egner, P.E., Roebuck, B.D., Orner, G., Jubert, C., Pereira, C., Groopman, J.D., Kensler, T.W., Dashwood, R.H., Williams, D., and Bailey, G.S. (2007). Natural chlorophyll inhibits aflatoxin B1 induced multi-organ carcinogenesis in the rat. Carcinogenesis 28(6): 1294-1302.

• Pratt, M. M., Reddy, A. P., Hendricks, J.D., Pereira, C., Kensler, T.W., and Bailey, G.S. (2007).  The importance of carcinogen dose in chemoprevention studies: quantitative interrelationships between, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene dose, chlorophyllin dose, target organ DNA adduct biomarkers, and final tumor outcome. Carcinogenesis 28:611-624.

• Yu, Z., Mahadevan, B., Loehr, C., Fischer, K., Louderback, M., Kreuger, S., Pereira, C., Baird, W., Bailey, G., and Williams, D., (2006). Indole-3-Carbinol in the Maternal Diet Provides Chemoprotection for the Fetus Against Transplacental Carcinogenesis by the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene. Carcinogenesis 27(10):2116-2123.

• Orner GA, Roebuck BD, Dashwood RH, Bailey GS. (2006) Post-initiation chlorophyllin exposure does not modulate aflatoxin-induced foci in the liver and colon of rats. J Carcinog. 5(1):6 [Epub ahead of print]

• YU Z, LOEHR CV, FISCHER KA, LOUDERBACK MA, KRUEGER SK, DASHWOOD RH, KERKVLIET NI, PEREIRA CB, JENNINGS-GEE JE, DANCE ST, MILLER MS, BAILEY GS, AND WILLIAMS DE. (2006) In utero exposure of mice to dibenzo[a,l]pyrene produces lymphoma in the offspring: role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cancer Res. 66(2):755-62.
• TILTON, S.C., GIVAN, S.A., PEREIRA, C.B., BAILEY, G.S., and WILLIAMS, D.E. (2005) Toxicogenomic Profiling of the Hepatic Tumor Promoters Indole-3-Carbinol, 17{beta}-estradiol and {beta}-naphthoflavone in Rainbow Trout. Toxicol Sci. [Epub ahead of print].
• TILTON, S.C., GERWICK, L.G., HENDRICKS, J.D., ROSATO, C.S., CORLEY-SMITH, G., GIVAN, S.A., BAILEY, G.S., BAYNE, C.J., and WILLIAMS, D.E. (2005) Use of a Rainbow Trout Oligonucleotide Microarray to Determine Transcriptional Patterns in Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Compared to Adjacent Liver. Toxicol Sci. [Epub ahead of print].
• CARTER, O., BAILEY, G.S., and DASHWOOD, R.H. (2004). The dietary phytochemical chlorophyllin alters E-cadherin and beta-catenin expression in human colon cancer cells. J Nutr. 134(12 Suppl):3441S-3444S.
• WILLIAM, D.E., BAILEY, G.S., REDDY A., HENDRICKS, J.D., OGANESIAN, A., ORNER, G.A., PEREIRA, C.B., and SWENBERG, J.A. (2003). The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tumor model: recent applications in low-dose exposures to tumor initiators and promoters. Toxicol Pathol. 2003 Jan-Feb;31 Suppl:58-61.
• SPITSBERGEN, J.M., TSAI, H.W., REDDY, A., MILLER, T., ARBOGAST, D., HENDRICKS, J.D., BAILEY, G.S. (2000). Neoplasia in zebrafish (Danio rerio) treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine by three exposure routes at different developmental stages. Toxicol Pathol. 28(5):716-25.
• SPITSBERGEN, J.M., TSAI, H.W., REDDY, A., MILLER, T., ARBOGAST, D., HENDRICKS, J.D., BAILEY, G.S. (2000). Neoplasia in zebrafish (Danio rerio) treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by two exposure routes at different developmental stages. Toxicol Pathol. 28(5):705-15.
• REDDY, A.P., SPITSBERGEN, J.M., MATHEWS, C., HENDRICKS, J.D., and BAILEY, G.S. (1999). Experimental hepatic tumorigenicity by environmental hydrocarbon dibenzo[a,l]pyrene. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 18(4):261-9.
• REDDY, A.P., HARTTIG, U., BARTH, M.C., BAIRD, W.M., SCHIMERLIK, M., HENDRICKS, J.D., and BAILEY, G.S. (1999). Inhibition of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-induced multi-organ carcinogenesis by dietary chlorophyllin in rainbow trout. Carcinogenesis. 20(10):1919-26.
• OGANESIAN, A., HENDRICKS, J.D., PEREIRA, C.B., ORNER, G.A., BAILEY, G.S., and WILLIAMS, D.E. (1999). Potency of dietary indole-3-carbinol as a promoter of aflatoxin B1-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis: results from a 9000 animal tumor study. Carcinogenesis. 20(3):453-8.
• BAILEY, G.S., DASHWOOD, R., LOVELAND, P.M., PEREIRA, C., and HENDRICKS, J.D. (1998). Molecular dosimetry in fish: quantitative target organ DNA adduction and hepatocarcinogenicity for four aflatoxins by two exposure routes in rainbow trout. Mutat Res. 399(2):233-44.
• HARTTIG, U. and BAILEY, G. (1998). Chemoprotection by natural chlorophylls in vivo: Inhibition of dibenzo(a,l)pyrene-DNA adducts in rainbow trout liver.  Carcinogenesis 19, 1323-1326.
• TROXEL, C.M., BUHLER, D.R., HENDRICKS, J.D. and BAILEY, G.S. (1997). CYP1A induction by Beta-naphthoflavone, Aroclor 1254 and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and its influence on aflaxtoxin B1 metabolism and DNA adduction in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 146, 69-78.
• CHENG, R., BRADFORD, S., BARNES, D., WILLIAMS, D., HENDRICKS, J. and BAILEY, G. (1997). Cloning, sequencing, and embryonic expression of an N-ras proto-oncogene isolated from an enriched zebrafish (Danio rerio) cDNA library.  Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotech. 6(1), 40-47.
• HARTTIG, U., HENDRICKS, J.D., STONER, G.D. and BAILEY, G.S. (1996). Organ specific, protocol dependent modulation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene carcinogenesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by dietary ellagic acid. Carcinogenesis 17:11, 2403-2409.
• TACHINO, N., HAYASHI, R., LIEW, C, BAILEY, G. and DASHWOOD, R. (1995). Evidence for ras Gene Mutation in 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-Induced Colonic Aberrant Crypts in the Rat. Mol. Carcinogenesis 12, 187-192.
• BREINHOLT, V., HENDRICKS, J., PEREIRA, C., ARBOGAST, D. and BAILEY, G. (1995). Dietary Chlorophyllin is a Potent Inhibitor of Aflatoxin B1 Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rainbow Trout. Cancer Research 55, 57-62.